{"id":896,"date":"2017-04-18T09:03:55","date_gmt":"2017-04-18T16:03:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/?page_id=896"},"modified":"2023-10-03T08:06:47","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T15:06:47","slug":"compost-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/compost-2\/compost-images\/compost-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Compost Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"top\"><strong>Compost Images web site<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This page contains images regarding different equipment for compost production. To use an image, click on the thumbnail and you can view and download the full-size file.&nbsp;Images are intended for educational use only, not for commercial use. No permission is needed to use these, but please provide a credit to \u201cWSU\u201d or the \u201cCERWA project.\u201d&nbsp; More details are on the <a href=\"http:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/compost-2\/compost-images\/\">main page<\/a> for this site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Topics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a href=\"#turn\">Turned windrow<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#static\">Static windrow<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#extend\">Extended pile<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#vessel\">In-vessel systems<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#animal\">Animal mortality composting<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"#other\">Other system components<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"turn\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Turned Windrow<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/windrows.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"440\" data-id=\"964\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/windrows.jpg\" alt=\"a flat compost site with multiple windrows several hundred feet long.\" class=\"wp-image-964\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/windrows.jpg 680w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/windrows-300x194.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A typical turned windrow compost system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Inaba-1-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"741\" data-id=\"971\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Inaba-1-1-1024x741.jpg\" alt=\"bare field with manure being composted on the edge\" class=\"wp-image-971\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Inaba-1-1-1024x741.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Inaba-1-1-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Inaba-1-1-768x556.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Inaba-1-1-1536x1112.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Inaba-1-1.jpg 1939w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">On-farm composting by a vegetable grower near Yakima, WA, using dairy manure, straw, and waste from the packing house. Compost piles are constructed on the edge of the field where application will occur.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"741\" data-id=\"959\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart1-1024x741.jpg\" alt=\"Machine rolls over windrow, turning the compost. Steam billows behind.\" class=\"wp-image-959\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart1-1024x741.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart1-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart1-768x556.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart1-1536x1112.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart1.jpg 1939w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This Hood River, OR, orchard produces its own compost using the Controlled Microbial Composting (CMC) approach developed in Austria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"744\" data-id=\"960\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart2-1024x744.jpg\" alt=\"In the foreground piles of different types of raw material are clustered with windrows in background.\" class=\"wp-image-960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart2-1024x744.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart2-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart2-768x558.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart2-1536x1115.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart2.jpg 1903w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hood River #2. Various feedstocks are imported and mixed with cull fruit, juice pulp, and some paper waste from the processing plant.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"741\" data-id=\"961\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart3-1024x741.jpg\" alt=\"Flat compost site with windrows covered in a canvas-type material.\" class=\"wp-image-961\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart3-1024x741.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart3-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart3-768x556.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart3-1536x1112.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Stewart3.jpg 1897w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hood River #3. Given the rainy winter conditions and hot, dry summers, geotextile &#8220;compost blankets&#8221; are used to maintain optimum moisture and avoid leaching, thus allowing for more all-season composting.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Minden.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"669\" data-id=\"917\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Minden-1024x669.jpg\" alt=\"Tractor works its way down series of windrows applying water.\" class=\"wp-image-917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Minden-1024x669.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Minden-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Minden-768x502.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Minden-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Minden.jpg 1949w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Use of the CMC process in dry climates such as this site near Reno, NV, requires constant addition of water to the compost windrows during the summer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-83.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" data-id=\"948\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-83-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"A fallow field is divided by steaming windrows composed of twiggy material.\" class=\"wp-image-948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-83-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-83-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-83-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-83-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-83.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A composting site in a fallow field in Nevada.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"740\" data-id=\"914\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome1-1024x740.jpg\" alt=\"Flat field with several windrows.\" class=\"wp-image-914\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome1-1024x740.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome1-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome1-768x555.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome1-1536x1110.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome1.jpg 1940w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A large dairy farm near Jerome, ID, began a compost operation as a waste management tool and developed it into an additional business.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-6.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" data-id=\"926\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-6-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"Large-scale compost site with long windrows\" class=\"wp-image-926\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-6-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-6-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-6-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-6-1536x1029.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-6.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Profile of windrows at a dairy in eastern Washington.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-4-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" data-id=\"972\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-4-1-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"Machine works its way down windrow, turning the twiggy material. Large pile of raw material to the right\" class=\"wp-image-972\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-4-1-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-4-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-4-1-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-4-1-1536x1029.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-4-1.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Windrows at the WSU composting site in Pullman, Washington.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-5.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" data-id=\"925\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-5-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"Compost site several windrows.\" class=\"wp-image-925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-5-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-5-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-5-768x517.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-5-1536x1034.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-5.jpg 1793w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Windrows of yard debris, manure, and food waste at a composting site in Vermont.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-87.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" data-id=\"951\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-87-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"Reddish windrows at compost site.\" class=\"wp-image-951\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-87-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-87-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-87-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-87-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-87.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Windrows of chicken manure and wood shavings on a concrete pad at an egg farm in Idaho.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-85.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" data-id=\"950\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-85-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"Windrows divided by shrubby plant.\" class=\"wp-image-950\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-85-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-85-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-85-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-85-1536x1029.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-85.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Corner land outside of center pivot irrigation areas is used as a site for compost windrows at a dairy in Idaho.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"static\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Static Windrow<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"722\" data-id=\"906\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-1-1024x722.jpg\" alt=\"A row of metal cylindrical canisters on wheels containing emit steam.\" class=\"wp-image-906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-1-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-1-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-1-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-1-1536x1083.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-1.jpg 1981w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Static compost piles with forced aeration near Lewiston, ID.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"736\" data-id=\"907\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-2-1024x736.jpg\" alt=\"Metal canisters lie at end of each row and push air through pipes.\" class=\"wp-image-907\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-2-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-2-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-2-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-2-1536x1104.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-2.jpg 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Forced aeration equipment for static piles near Lewiston, ID.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-air-system.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"448\" data-id=\"908\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-air-system.jpg\" alt=\"row of metal canisters alongside large windrow.\" class=\"wp-image-908\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-air-system.jpg 680w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-air-system-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Another view of the forced air system. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-30.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"753\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"931\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-30-753x1024.jpg\" alt=\"metal drum with blower on top sits alongside compost row, forcing air into pipe which lies parallel to row at its base.\" class=\"wp-image-931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-30-753x1024.jpg 753w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-30-221x300.jpg 221w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-30-768x1045.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-30-1129x1536.jpg 1129w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-30.jpg 1208w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This blower forces air into a static compost pile.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/aerated-sludge-compost.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"344\" height=\"220\" data-id=\"899\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/aerated-sludge-compost.jpg\" alt=\"row of large indoor compost piles divided every couple meters by walls. Machines force air through tubes into piles.\" class=\"wp-image-899\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/aerated-sludge-compost.jpg 344w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/aerated-sludge-compost-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Forced aeration in a bin type system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-29.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"686\" data-id=\"930\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-29-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"open end of pipes lying horizontally through base of compost pile emerge from end of row. Rows divided by walls.\" class=\"wp-image-930\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-29-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-29-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-29-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-29-1536x1029.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-29.jpg 1793w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Passive aeration of piles in bins in Vermont.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-27.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"688\" data-id=\"928\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-27-1024x688.jpg\" alt=\"open end of horizontally lain pipes stick out side of compost pile\" class=\"wp-image-928\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-27-1024x688.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-27-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-27-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-27-1536x1032.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-27.jpg 1788w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An example of a passively aerated windrow system (PAWS) at a site in Vermont.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/semi-static-pile.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"344\" height=\"224\" data-id=\"958\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/semi-static-pile.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/semi-static-pile.jpg 344w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/semi-static-pile-300x195.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Static piles with passive aeration tubes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-28.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" data-id=\"929\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-28-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"close-up of open end of pipe\" class=\"wp-image-929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-28-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-28-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-28-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-28-1536x1031.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-28.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Air inlet pipe for a PAWS composting site in British Columbia.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-35.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"681\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"934\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-35-681x1024.jpg\" alt=\"open ends of vertical pipes emerge in rows from flat ground.\" class=\"wp-image-934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-35-681x1024.jpg 681w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-35-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-35-768x1155.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-35-1021x1536.jpg 1021w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-35.jpg 1213w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 681px) 100vw, 681px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Permanent air outlets in the pad for an aerated static pile at a site in Washington<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" data-id=\"923\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-3-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-923\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-3-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-3-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-3-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-3-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-3.jpg 1818w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An example of a passively aerated static pile composting system on a farm near Wichendon, MA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-84.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"677\" data-id=\"949\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-84-1024x677.jpg\" alt=\"Woody piles of compost lie alongside grape vines.\" class=\"wp-image-949\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-84-1024x677.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-84-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-84-768x507.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-84-1536x1015.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-84.jpg 1833w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">At this California vineyard, grape pomace is composted between sections of vines.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"extend\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Extended Pile<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"735\" data-id=\"918\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-1-1024x735.jpg\" alt=\"Compost pushed back to reveal rows of holes in floor.\" class=\"wp-image-918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-1-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-1-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-1-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-1-1536x1103.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-1.jpg 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An example of an extended pile with floor aeration compost system in Wright County, MN.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" data-id=\"919\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-2-1024x730.jpg\" alt=\"Large machine turns indoor compost pile\" class=\"wp-image-919\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-2-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-2-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-2-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-2-1536x1095.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-2.jpg 1961w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A Buhler windrower turning compost in an extended pile with floor aeration system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"735\" data-id=\"920\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-3-1024x735.jpg\" alt=\"Machine turns indoor compost pile\" class=\"wp-image-920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-3-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-3-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-3-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-3-1536x1103.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/MN-3.jpg 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> A Buhler windrower turning compost in an extended pile with floor aeration system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-34.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"689\" data-id=\"933\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-34-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"Large, closely packed rows of compost in indoor facility\" class=\"wp-image-933\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-34-1024x689.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-34-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-34-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-34-1536x1033.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-34.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">At a composting facility in Couer d&#8217;Alene, Idaho, these aerated static piles are manged under cover.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vessel\">In-Vessel Systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\" data-id=\"921\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-1-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"Compost pile covered in plastic material\" class=\"wp-image-921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-1-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-1-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-1-1536x1096.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-1.jpg 1961w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This is an example of an enclosed bag composting system used at Olds College, Alberta.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-2-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"731\" data-id=\"1166\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-2-1-1024x731.jpg\" alt=\"Compost covered in plastic material\" class=\"wp-image-1166\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-2-1-1024x731.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-2-1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-2-1-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-2-1-1536x1096.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Olds-sys-2-1.jpg 1961w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Enclosed bag composting system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-41.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" data-id=\"940\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-41-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"Large indoor compost bed with turning machine at far end\" class=\"wp-image-940\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-41-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-41-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-41-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-41-1536x1021.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-41.jpg 1838w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This agitated bed composting system is used to compost chicken manure in a greenhouse in California.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-42.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" data-id=\"941\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-42-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"Machine lies at end of indoor compost bed\" class=\"wp-image-941\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-42-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-42-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-42-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-42-1536x1026.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-42.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">At this facility in British Columbia, fish waste is composted in a greenhouse with an agitated bed system using a drum turner.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-39.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" data-id=\"938\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-39-1024x691.jpg\" alt=\"covered outdoor compost bed next to pasture\" class=\"wp-image-938\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-39-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-39-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-39-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-39-1536x1036.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-39.jpg 1788w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An early agitated bed composting system is used at a USDA research facility in Beltsville, Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-whats-this-rail-system.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"676\" height=\"456\" data-id=\"970\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-whats-this-rail-system.jpg\" alt=\"Steam rises off covered outdoor bed in process of being turned\" class=\"wp-image-970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-whats-this-rail-system.jpg 676w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-whats-this-rail-system-300x202.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Channel and turner, Beltsville agitated bed composting system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/under-cover-bed.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"460\" data-id=\"963\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/under-cover-bed.jpg\" alt=\"Steam rises off indoor compost beds\" class=\"wp-image-963\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/under-cover-bed.jpg 680w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/under-cover-bed-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> home-made channel-type system with a turner on tracks, all enclosed in a greenhouse.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-in-vessel-system-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"436\" data-id=\"966\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-in-vessel-system-1.jpg\" alt=\"Indoor series of compost beds contained by dividing walls\" class=\"wp-image-966\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-in-vessel-system-1.jpg 680w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-in-vessel-system-1-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In-vessel channel and turner system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-21-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"691\" data-id=\"1168\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-21-1-1024x691.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-21-1-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-21-1-300x202.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-21-1-768x518.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-21-1-1536x1036.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-21-1.jpg 1788w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Channeled windrows of chicken manure are turned under a high-rise poultry house in Idaho.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/compost-reactor.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"735\" data-id=\"904\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/compost-reactor-1024x735.jpg\" alt=\"Man points to black drum connected to pipes.\" class=\"wp-image-904\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/compost-reactor-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/compost-reactor-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/compost-reactor-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/compost-reactor-1536x1103.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/compost-reactor.jpg 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An experimental sized compost reactor for research purposes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-44.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" data-id=\"943\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-44-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"Row of white tubs\" class=\"wp-image-943\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-44-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-44-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-44-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-44-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-44.jpg 1828w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Modular, aerated composting containers.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-45.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"696\" data-id=\"944\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-45-1024x696.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-944\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-45-1024x696.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-45-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-45-768x522.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-45-1536x1045.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-45.jpg 1788w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An example of an aerated compost container used at a site in Vermont.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-46.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"945\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-46-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Large drum positioned horizontally on props\" class=\"wp-image-945\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-46-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-46-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-46-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-46-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-46.jpg 1803w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This farm-scale rotating drum is used for composting at a Texas site.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-47.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" data-id=\"946\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-47-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"Large drum positioned horizontally\" class=\"wp-image-946\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-47-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-47-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-47-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-47-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-47.jpg 1818w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A large-scale, rotating drum composting vessel in Texas.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"animal\">Animal Mortality Composting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/dead-fish.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"668\" height=\"436\" data-id=\"905\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/dead-fish.jpg\" alt=\"layer of dead fish on hay in wooden bin\" class=\"wp-image-905\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/dead-fish.jpg 668w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/dead-fish-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Composting dead fish at an aquaculture facility.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/fish-waste.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"676\" height=\"444\" data-id=\"911\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/fish-waste.jpg\" alt=\"layer of fish corpses with two pipes running through\" class=\"wp-image-911\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/fish-waste.jpg 676w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/fish-waste-300x197.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A passively aerated static pile for composting fish waste is being formed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-109.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" data-id=\"955\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-109-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"open-top bins. Three sides concrete, one side wood.\" class=\"wp-image-955\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-109-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-109-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-109-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-109-1536x1031.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-109.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Bins for composting fish mortalities in a 2-stage system at Buhl, Idaho.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-compost-bins.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"676\" height=\"436\" data-id=\"965\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-compost-bins.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-965\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-compost-bins.jpg 676w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-compost-bins-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A common design for composting animal mortalitites in covered bins, these are used for poultry composting in Maryland.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-108.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" data-id=\"954\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-108-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-954\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-108-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-108-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-108-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-108-1536x1031.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-108.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A similar shed used for composting poultry mortalities at a site in Washington.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-110-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" data-id=\"1170\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-110-1-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"windrows of decomposed turkeys and manure. Feathers and bones still obvious.\" class=\"wp-image-1170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-110-1-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-110-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-110-1-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-110-1-1536x1031.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-110-1.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">At this turkey farm in Colorado, mortalities and manure are composted in windrows. Feathers are slow to compost.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-111.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" data-id=\"957\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-111-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"windrows with scattered bones.\" class=\"wp-image-957\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-111-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-111-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-111-768x516.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-111-1536x1031.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-111.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bones composting in windrows at a Texas site are very slow to decompose.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-poultry-composter.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"436\" data-id=\"968\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-poultry-composter.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram showing compost bin. 5 feet long, 8 feet wide, 5 feet deep. Top to bottom: manure, poultry, straw, manure\" class=\"wp-image-968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-poultry-composter.jpg 680w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-poultry-composter-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A diagram of a simple poultry mortality composting system.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-106.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" data-id=\"952\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-106-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"Piles of cattle mortalities enclosed by square fencing.\" class=\"wp-image-952\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-106-1024x687.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-106-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-106-768x515.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-106-1536x1030.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-106.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">At a Utah State University composting facility, cattle mortalities are composted in enclosed static piles.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"other\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other System Components<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"722\" data-id=\"909\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed-1024x722.jpg\" alt=\"Tractor mixes raw material\" class=\"wp-image-909\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed-1536x1083.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed.jpg 1981w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Using a front end loader to blend initial feedstocks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"736\" data-id=\"910\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed2-1024x736.jpg\" alt=\"row of alternating dark and light piles of raw material\" class=\"wp-image-910\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed2-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed2-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed2-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed2-1536x1104.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/EKO-Feed2.jpg 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A feedstock pile at a facility near Lewiston, ID.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Idd-Pulp.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"736\" data-id=\"912\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Idd-Pulp-1024x736.jpg\" alt=\"row of light-colored paper pulp\" class=\"wp-image-912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Idd-Pulp-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Idd-Pulp-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Idd-Pulp-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Idd-Pulp-1536x1104.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Idd-Pulp.jpg 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Paper pulp feed stock piles.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/alfalfa-seed-nampa-id.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"444\" data-id=\"900\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/alfalfa-seed-nampa-id.jpg\" alt=\"long windrows of dark seed wastes\" class=\"wp-image-900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/alfalfa-seed-nampa-id.jpg 680w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/alfalfa-seed-nampa-id-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Using alfalfa seed wastes for composting near Nampa, ID.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-separated-solids.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"680\" height=\"448\" data-id=\"969\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-separated-solids.jpg\" alt=\"pile of reddish manure\" class=\"wp-image-969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-separated-solids.jpg 680w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/WSU-separated-solids-300x198.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Separated dairy manure solids used for composting at the WSU facility.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-37.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"936\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-37-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"rows of stacked composting bins under covered structure\" class=\"wp-image-936\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-37-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-37-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-37-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-37-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-37.jpg 1824w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A series of aerated composting bins at a site in Washington.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-38-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"1167\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-38-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"inside of bin with row of holes on the floor\" class=\"wp-image-1167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-38-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-38-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-38-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-38-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Rynk-38-1.jpg 1824w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Aeration channels in floor for composting bins.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"728\" data-id=\"915\"  src=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome2-1024x728.jpg\" alt=\"machine spits out finely ground compost\" class=\"wp-image-915\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome2-1024x728.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome2-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome2-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome2-1536x1091.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpcdn.web.wsu.edu\/cahnrs\/uploads\/sites\/32\/Jerome2.jpg 1966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Compost for sale needs to be of higher quality than that for many on-farm uses, requiring additional equipment such as screens.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Compost Images web site This page contains images regarding different equipment for compost production. To use an image, click on the thumbnail and you can view and download the full-size file.\u00a0Images are intended for educational use only, not for commercial use. No permission is needed to use these, but please provide a credit to \u201cWSU\u201d&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":594,"parent":623,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/896"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=896"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1705,"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/896\/revisions\/1705"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/623"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tfrec.cahnrs.wsu.edu\/organicag\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}